Droughts in South Africa
The droughts seen between 2015 and 2018 increased the frequency and intensity of heat waves, which can cause sunburn, dehydration, and shrivelling of the grapes, as well as reduce the photosynthesis and respiration rates of the vines.
The droughts have had negative impacts on the quantity and quality of the wine grapes, as well as the profitability and sustainability of the wine industry. According to the South African wine industry body, Vinpro, the wine grape harvest in 2018 was 15% lower than the previous year.
The droughts have also affected the wine quality, as some grapes have shown lower acidity, higher pH, and higher alcohol levels, which can compromise the balance and complexity of the wines. The droughts have also increased the production costs and the vulnerability of the wine sector to other risks, such as pests, diseases, and fires.
The droughts have also affected the wine quality, as some grapes have shown lower acidity, higher pH, and higher alcohol levels.
Mitigating against droughts
To cope with the droughts, the South African wine industry took mitigating measures, such as:
- Improving the water efficiency and management
- Diversifying the water sources
- Implementing drought-tolerant and resilient grape varieties and rootstocks
- Adjusting the canopy management and irrigation practices
- Applying mulches and cover crops
- Reducing the vineyard area
- Increasing the wine prices
Although some of these measures have been supported by the government and research institutions, the industry has faced some implementation challenges. For example, there’s a lack of financial resources, technical skills, infrastructure, and institutional coordination, as well as the uncertainty and variability of the future climate scenarios.
Drought in New Zealand
Unlike in other regions, parts of New Zealand are welcoming drought conditions. Marlborough’s worst drought in 100 years being heralded as a boon for the industry, having created near perfect growing conditions.